Richard Lazarus's Cognitive Mediational Theory (1966)

Richard Lazarus's Cognitive Mediational Theory (1966)

Richard Lazarus's Cognitive Mediational Theory revolves around the idea that our emotional responses to external events are determined not by the events themselves, but by our appraisals or interpretations of those events. Emotions, in this theory, are not direct products of stimuli but are mediated by cognitive processes.

Lazarus proposed two stages of appraisal:

1. Primary Appraisal: This is the initial interpretation of a situation. An individual assesses whether an event is irrelevant, positive, or negative for their well-being. Negative events are further evaluated as either harmful (damage already done), threatening (potential future harm), or challenging (potential to be overcome or capitalized on).

2. Secondary Appraisal: This involves evaluating whether one has the resources or coping strategies to deal with the outcome of the event. Here, an individual considers their options and resources, assessing whether they can handle, negate, or benefit from the situation.

For instance, imagine someone offering critical feedback on a project. If the person perceives this criticism (primary appraisal) as a threat to their self-worth and believes they lack the skills to address the feedback (secondary appraisal), they might feel anxiety or distress. Conversely, if they see the criticism as a challenge and believe they possess the skills to improve (secondary appraisal), they might feel motivated.

The cycle of appraisal can be continuous as people often re-evaluate situations based on new information or changing circumstances.

In essence, Lazarus's theory emphasizes that emotions are not automatic or direct reactions but are products of one's interpretations and perceptions of situations.

Relevance in Coaching

Lazarus's Cognitive Mediational Theory is pivotal in coaching because it underscores that emotions stem from personal interpretations, not just external events. By understanding this, coaches can help clients reshape their appraisals of situations, leading to healthier emotional responses. When clients confront obstacles or feedback, aiding them in positive re-appraisal can transform perceived threats into challenges, fostering resilience and proactive problem-solving. Incorporating this theory into a coaching curriculum ensures coaches can effectively assist clients in navigating their emotional landscapes and responses to life events.

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